[The Poona of Peshwa]

More animals are born than can reach adulthood and reproduce. Animals that possess beneficial qualities are more likely do so and pass along their traits. Over the course of millions of years, and given geographical isolation, traits pile up and new species emerge. Simple, no? True, modern biology has come far with genetics and such, but that basic kernel of Darwinian theory still lies at the core.

I think that the best way to introduce evolutionary theory is through anecdotes about the adventures of Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace. Darwin and Russell used the backdrop of 19th century geology which came to the startling revelation that the earth is older than 7000 years old, and malthusian reasoning about the limits of exponential growth to come to their conclusion. They both had some amazing adventures in South America working in the field as well.

Philosophically I think that evolution is important because it gives us an insight into ourselves that we couldn't otherwise possess. Why are we the way we are? Evolution provides insight into politics, sex, family dynamics, it can even explain why sugar tastes good!